What Piece of Art Was Affected by Painter of Modern Life
Modern Art
Definition, Characteristics, History, Movements.
MAIN A-Z Alphabetize
Important Fine art Works
Move In Squares (1961).
By Bridget Riley, Op-Art Movement.
Eiffel Tower, Gnaw de Mars, Paris.
An icon of modernist architecture
designed by Gustave Eiffel.
Weeping Woman (1937)
By Picasso, now regarded as the
greatest of 20th Century Painters.
What is Modern Art? (Definition)
There is no precise definition of the term "Modernistic Art": it remains an rubberband term, which can accomodate a variety of meanings. This is not too surprising, since we are constantly moving frontwards in fourth dimension, and what is considered "modern painting" or "modern sculpture" today, may not exist seen equally mod in fifty years time. Even then, it is traditional to say that "Modernistic Art" ways works produced during the approximate period 1870-1970. This "Modern era" followed a long period of domination by Renaissance-inspired academic art, promoted by the network of European Academies of Fine Art. And is itself followed by "Contemporary Art" (1970 onwards), the more advanced of which is also called "Postmodern Fine art". This chronology accords with the view of many fine art critics and institutions, but not all. Both the Tate Modern in London, and the Musee National d'Art Moderne at the Pompidou Middle in Paris, for case, accept 1900 as the starting bespeak for "Modern Art". As well, neither they, nor the Museum of Mod Art in New York, make any distinction between "modernist" and "postmodernist" works: instead, they run across both as phases of "Modern Art".
Incidentally, when trying to sympathize the history of art it'due south important to recognize that art does not change overnight, but rather reflects wider (and slower) changes taking place in lodge. It as well reflects the outlook of the artist. Thus, for example, a piece of work of art produced as early every bit 1958 might be decidedly "postmodernist" (if the artist has a very advanced outlook - a expert instance is Yves Klein'southward Nouveau Realisme); while another piece of work, created by a conservative artist in 1980, might be seen as a throw-back to the time of "Modern Art" rather than an case of "Contemporary Art". In fact, information technology's probably truthful to say that several different strands of fine art - meaning several sets of aesthetics, some hypermodern, some one-time-fashioned - may co-exist at whatever ane fourth dimension. Also, information technology's worth remembering that many of these terms (like "Modern Art") are only invented after the effect, from the vantage betoken of retrospect.
Annotation: The 1960s is mostly seen equally the decade when artistic values gradually inverse, from "modernist" to "postmodernist". This means that for a flow of time both sets of values co-existed with each other.
For important dates, see: History of Fine art Timeline ( 2.5 million BCE on)
What were the Origins of Modern Art?
To empathise how "mod art" began, a fiddling historical background is useful. The 19th century was a time of significant and rapidly increasing change. As a outcome of the Industrial Revolution (c.1760-1860) enormous changes in manufacturing, transport, and engineering began to impact how people lived, worked, and travelled, throughout Europe and America. Towns and cities swelled and prospered every bit people left the land to populate urban factories. These industry-inspired social changes led to greater prosperity only also cramped and crowded living conditions for most workers. In turn, this led to: more than need for urban architecture; more than need for applied art and design - meet, for case the Bauhaus School - and the emergence of a new form of wealthy entrepreneurs who became art collectors and patrons. Many of the world'due south best art museums were founded past these 19th century tycoons.
In addition, two other developments had a directly event on fine fine art of the period. First, in 1841, the American painter John Rand (1801–1873) invented the collapsible tin paint tube. Second, major advances were made in photography, allowing artists to photograph scenes which could so be painted in the studio at a later appointment. Both these developments would greatly benefit a new mode of painting known, disparagingly, as "Impressionism", which would have a radical effect on how artists painted the world effectually them, and would in the process go the kickoff major schoolhouse of modernist art.
As well as affecting how artists created fine art, 19th century social changes also inspired artists to explore new themes. Instead of slavishly following the Bureaucracy of the Genres and beingness content with academic subjects involving faith and Greek mythology, interspersed with portraits and 'meaningful' landscapes - all subjects that were designed to elevate and instruct the spectator - artists began to make art about people, places, or ideas that interested them. The cities - with their new railway stations and new slums - were obvious choices and triggered a new course of genre painting and urban landscape. Other subjects were the suburban villages and holiday spots served by the new runway networks, which would inspire new forms of landscape painting by Monet, Matisse and others. The genre of history painting also changed, thanks to Benjamin West (1738-1820) who painted The Death of General Wolfe (1770, National Gallery of Art, Ottowa), the first 'gimmicky' history painting, and Goya (1746-1828) whose Third of May, 1808 (1814, Prado, Madrid) introduced a ground-breaking, not-heroic idiom.
The 19th century also witnessed a number of philosophical developments which would have a significant effect on art. The growth of political thought, for example, led Courbet and others to promote a socially conscious form of Realist painting - meet also Realism to Impressionism). Also, the publication of The Interpretation of Dreams (1899) by Sigmund Freud, popularized the notion of the "subconscious mind", causing artists to explore Symbolism and later Surrealism. The new self-consciousness which Freud promoted, led to (or at least coincided with) the emergence of German Expressionism, every bit artists turned to expressing their subjective feelings and experiences.
When Did Modern Art Begin?
The engagement virtually commonly cited as marking the birth of "modern art" is 1863 - the year that Edouard Manet (1832-83) exhibited his shocking and irreverent painting Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refuses in Paris. Despite Manet'due south respect for the French Academy, and the fact information technology was modelled on a Renaissance work by Raphael, it was considered to be one of the most scandalous pictures of the period.
Only this was simply a symbol of wider changes that were taking place in various types of art, both in France and elsewhere in Europe. A new generation of "Modern Artists" were fed up with following the traditional academic fine art forms of the 18th and early 19th century, and were starting to create a range of "Modern Paintings" based on new themes, new materials, and bold new methods. Sculpture and architecture were besides affected - and in time their changes would exist even more revolutionary - but fine art painting proved to be the get-go major battlefield between the conservatives and the new "Moderns".
What is the Main Feature of Modern Art?
What we call "Modern Art" lasted for an unabridged century and involved dozens of unlike art movements, embracing almost everything from pure abstraction to hyperrealism; from anti-art schools like Dada and Fluxus to classical painting and sculpture; from Art Nouveau to Bauhaus and Pop Art. So bang-up was the variety that it is difficult to think of any unifying feature which defines the era. But if in that location is anything that separates modern artists from both the earlier traditionalists and later postmodernists, it is their conventionalities that art mattered. To them, art had real value. By contrast, their precedessors simply assumed information technology had value. After all they had lived in an era governed by Christian value systems and had but "followed the rules." And those who came after the Modern period (1970 onwards), the so-called "postmodernists", largely rejected the idea that art (or life) has any intrinsic value.
In What Means was Mod Art Different? (Characteristics)
Although there is no single defining feature of "Mod Art", it was noted for a number of of import characteristics, as follows:
(1) New Types of Fine art
Mod artists were the first to develop collage fine art, assorted forms of assemblage, a variety of kinetic art (inc mobiles), several genres of photography, animation (drawing plus photography) land art or digging, and operation art.
(2) Use of New Materials
Modern painters affixed objects to their canvases, such as fragments of paper and other items. Sculptors used "constitute objects", like the "readymades" of Marcel Duchamp, from which they created works of Junk art. Assemblages were created out of the most ordinary everyday items, like cars, clocks, suitcases, wooden boxes and other items.
(3) Expressive Apply of Colour
Movements of modern art like Fauvism, Expressionism and Colour Field painting were the showtime to exploit colour in a major style.
(iv) New Techniques
Chromolithography was invented by the affiche artist Jules Cheret, automatic drawing was developed by surrealist painters, as was Frottage and Decalcomania. Gesturalist painters invented Action Painting. Pop artists introduced "Benday dots", and silkscreen press into fine art. Other movements and schools of modern art which introduced new painting techniques, included: Neo-Impressionism, the Macchiaioli, Synthetism, Cloisonnism, Gesturalism, Tachisme, Kinetic Art, Neo-Dada and Op-Fine art.
How Did Modern Art Develop Between 1870 and 1970?
1870-1900
Although in some ways the last tertiary of the 19th century was dominated by the new Impressionist style of painting, in reality at that place were several pioneering strands of mod art, each with its ain particular focus. They included: Impressionism (accurateness in capturing effects of sunlight); Realism (content/theme); Bookish Art (classical-manner true-life pictures); Romanticism (mood); Symbolism (enigmatic iconography); lithographic poster art (bold motifs and colours). The final decade saw a number of revolts against the Academies and their 'Salons', in the course of the Secession movement, while the late-1890s witnessed the decline of "nature-based fine art", like Impressionism, which would presently lead to a rise in more serious "message-based" fine art.
1900-14
In many ways this was the virtually exciting catamenia of modernistic fine art, when everything was withal possible and when the "automobile" was still viewed exclusively as a friend of man. Artists in Paris produced a cord of new styles, including Fauvism, Cubism and Orphism, while German artists launched their own schoolhouse of expressionist painting. All these progressive movements rejected traditionalist attitudes to art and sought to champion their own particular calendar of modernism. Thus Cubism wanted to prioritize the formal attributes of painting, while Futurism preferred to emphasize the possibilities of the automobile, and expressionism championed individual perception.
1914-24
The carnage and destruction of The Not bad War inverse things utterly. Past 1916, the Dada movement was launched, filled with a nihilistic urge to subvert the value system which had caused Verdun and the Somme. All of a sudden representational art seemed obscene. No imagery could compete with photographs of the war expressionless. Already artists had been turning more and more than to non-objective art as a ways of expression. Abstract art movements of the time included Cubism (1908-40), Vorticism (1914-xv), Suprematism (1913-xviii), Constructivism (1914-32), De Stijl (1917-31), Neo-Plasticism (1918-26), Elementarism (1924-31), the Bauhaus (1919-33) and the later St Ives School. Fifty-fifty the few figurative movements were distinctly edgy, such every bit Metaphysical Painting (c.1914-20). Simply compare the early 20th century Classical Revival in mod art and Neoclassical Effigy Paintings by Picasso (1906-xxx).
1924-40
The Inter-war years continued to exist troubled by political and economic troubles. Abstract painting and sculpture connected to dominate, as truthful-to-life representational art remained very unfashionable. Even the realist wing of the Surrealism movement - the biggest movement of the period - could manage no more a fantasy style of reality. Meantime, a more sinister reality was emerging on the Continent, in the form of Nazi art and Soviet agit-prop. Only Art Deco, a rather sleek blueprint fashion aimed at compages and applied art, expressed any confidence in the future.
1940-60
The fine art world was transformed past the catastrophe of World War 2. To begin with, its center of gravity moved from Paris to New York, where information technology has remained ever since. Nearly all hereafter world tape prices would be achieved in the New York sales rooms of Christie's and Sotheby'southward. Meantime, the unspeakable phenomenon of Auschwitz had undermined the value of all realist fine art, except for Holocaust art of those affected. Every bit a outcome of all this, the next major international move - Abstract Expressionism - was created by American artists of the New York School. Indeed, for the next xx years, abstraction would dominate, as new movements rolled off the line. They included: Fine art Informel, Activeness-Painting, Gesturalism, Tachisme, Color Field Painting, Lyrical Brainchild, Hard Border Painting, and COBRA, a group all-time known for its child-like imagery, and expressive brushstrokes. During the 1950s other tendencies emerged, of a more than avant-garde kind, such equally Kinetic art, Nouveau Realisme and Neo-Dada, all of which demonstrated a growing impatience with the strait-laced arts industry.
1960s
The explosion of popular music and boob tube was reflected in the Popular-Art movement, whose images of Hollywood celebrities, and iconography of popular civilization, celebrated the success of America's mass consumerism. Information technology also had a cool 'hip' feel and helped to dispel some of the early 60s gloom associated with the Cuban Crisis of 1962, which in Europe had fuelled the success of the Fluxus movement led by George Maciunas, Joseph Beuys, Nam June Paik and Wolf Vostell. Downward-to-world Popular-fine art was also a welcome counterpoint to the more erudite Abstract Expressionism, which was already started to fade. Only the 1960s too saw the rise of some other high-brow motility known as Minimalism, a form of painting and sculpture purged of all external references or gestures - unlike the emotion-charged idiom of Abstruse Expressionism.
Modern Photographic Art
One of the most important and influential new media which came to prominence during the "Mod Era" is photography. Iv genres in particular have become established. They include: Portrait Photography, a genre that has largely replaced painted portraits; Pictorialism (fl.1885-1915) a type of camera art in which the photographer manipulates a regular photograph in club to create an "artistic" prototype; Fashion Photography (1880-present) a blazon of photography devoted to the promotion of clothing, shoes, perfume and other branded goods; Documentary Photography (1860-present), a type of sharp-focus camerawork that captures a moment of reality, so as to nowadays a message almost what is happening in the earth; and Street Photography (1900-nowadays), the art of capturing run a risk interactions of homo activeness in urban areas. Skilful by many of the earth's greatest photographers, these genres have fabricated a major contribution to modern fine art of the 20th century.
Modern Architecture
Modernism in architecture is a more than convoluted matter. The give-and-take "modernism" in edifice design was beginning used in America during the 1880s to depict skyscrapers designed by the Chicago School of Architecture (1880-1910), such equally The Montauk Building (1882-83) designed by Burnham and Root; the Abode Insurance Edifice (1884) designed by William Le Baron Jenney; and the Marshall Field Warehouse (1885-7) designed by Henry Hobson Richardson. In the 20th century, a new type of blueprint emerged, known equally the International Style of Modernistic Architecture (c.1920-seventy). Start in Germany, Kingdom of the netherlands and France, in the easily of Le Corbusier (1887-1965), Walter Gropius (1883-1969) and others, it spread to America where it became the dominant idiom for commercial skyscrapers, thanks to the efforts of Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969), formerly director of the Bauhaus School. Later, the centre of modernistic edifice design was established permanently in the U.s.a., mainly due to the advent of supertall skyscraper architecture, which was then exported around the world.
When Did Modernistic Art Stop? What Replaced it?
Modernism didn't simply stop, information technology was gradually overtaken past events during the late 1960s - a period which coincided with the rising of mass pop-culture and likewise with the rise of anti-authoritarian challenges (in social and political areas every bit well every bit the arts) to the existing orthodoxies. A primal year was 1968, which witnessed the Tet Offensive, the assassinations of Martin Luther Rex and Bobby Kennedy, and street demonstrations throughout the capitals of Europe. Equally Modernism began to expect increasingly old-fashioned, it gave way to what is known equally "Contemporary Fine art" - meaning "art of the present era". The term "Contemporary Fine art" is neutral as to the progressiveness of the art in question, and and so some other phrase - "postmodernism" - is often used to denote recent avant-garde fine art. Schools of "postmodernist art" advocate a new gear up of aesthetics characterized past a greater focus on medium and style. For example, they emphasize mode over substance (eg. non 'what' merely 'how'; not 'art for fine art's sake', but 'style for style'south sake'), and place much greater importance on artist-communication with the audition.
What are the Well-nigh Important Movements of Modern Art?
The most influential movements of "modern art" are (i) Impressionism; (ii) Fauvism; (3) Cubism; (4) Futurism; (5) Expressionism; (6) Dada; (seven) Surrealism; (eight) Abstract Expressionism; and (9) Pop Fine art.
(1) Impressionism (1870s, 1880s)
Exemplified by the landscape paintings of Claude Monet (1840-1926), Impressionism focused on the about impossible task of capturing fleeting moments of light and color. Introduced non-naturalist colour schemes, and loose - often highly textured - brushwork. Close-up many Impressionist paintings were unrecognizable. Highly unpopular with the general public and the arts authorities, although highly rated by other modern artists, dealers and collectors. Eventually became the globe's about famous painting movement. Run into: Characteristics of Impressionist Painting (1870-1910). The main contribution of Impressionism to "modern art" was to legitimize the use of not-naturalist colours, thus paving the manner for the wholly non-naturalist abstract art of the 20th century.
(2) Fauvism (1905-7)
Short-lived, dramatic and highly influential, Led past Henri Matisse (1869-1954), Fauvism was 'the' fashionable mode during the mid-1900s in Paris. The new style was launched at the Salon d'Automne, and became instantly famous for its vivid, garish, not-naturalist colours that made Impressionism appear about monochrome! A key precursor of expressionism. See: History of Expressionist Painting (1880-1930). The primary contribution of Fauvism to "modernistic art" was to demonstrate the contained ability of colour. This highly subjective approach to art was in contrast to the classical content-oriented outlook of the academies.
(three) Cubism (fl.1908-xiv)
An austere and challenging mode of painting, Cubism introduced a compositional system of apartment splintered planes equally an alternative to Renaissance-inspired linear perspective and rounded volumes. Adult by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963) in two variants - Belittling Cubism and later on Synthetic Cubism - it influenced abstract art for the next 50 years, although its popular appeal has been limited. The main contribution of Cubism to "modern fine art" was to offering a whole new alternative to conventional perspective, based on the inescapable fact of the flat moving-picture show airplane.
(iv) Futurism (fl.1909-fourteen)
Founded past Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876-1944), Futurist fine art glorified speed, engineering science, the automobile, the airplane and scientific achievement. Although very influential, it borrowed heavily from Neo-Impressionism and Italian Divisionism, besides as Cubism, especially its fragmented forms and multiple viewpoints. The chief contribution of Futurism to "mod art" was to innovate movement into the canvas, and to link beauty with scientific advancement.
(v) Expressionism (from 1905)
Although predictable past artists like JMW Turner (Interior at Petworth, 1837), Van Gogh (Wheat Field with Crows, 1890) and Paul Gauguin (Anna The Javanese, 1893), expressionism was made famous past two groups in pre-war Germany: Die Brucke (Dresden/Berlin) and Der Blaue Reiter (Munich), led past Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938) and Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) respectively. In sculpture, the forms of the Duisburg-born artist Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919) were (and even so are) sublime. The primary contribution of expressionism to "modern art" was to popularize the idea of subjectivity in painting and sculpture, and to show that representational art may legitimately include subjective distortion.
(half dozen) Dada (1916-24)
The first anti-art movement, Dada was a defection against the organization which had allowed the carnage of The Commencement World State of war (1914-xviii). It rapidly became an unconventional trend whose aim was to subvert the arts establishment. Launched in neutral Switzerland in 1916, its leaders were in their early twenties, and well-nigh had "opted out", avoiding conscription in the shelter of neutral cities such as New York, Zurich and Barcelona. Founders included the sculptor Jean Arp (1887-1966) and the Romanian poet and demonic activist Tristan Tzara (1896-1963). The chief contribution of Dada was to shake up the arts globe and to widen the concept of "modern art", past embracing totally new types of inventiveness (functioning fine art and readymades) as well as new materials (junk art) and themes. Its seditious sense of humour endured in the Surrealist movement.
(seven) Surrealism (from 1924)
Founded in Paris by writer Andre Breton (1896-1966), Surrealism was 'the' fashionable fine art movement of the inter-state of war years, although the way is nonetheless seen today. Composed of abstract and figurative wings, it evolved out of the nihilistic Dada motion, well-nigh of whose members metamorphosed into surrealists, simply unlike Dada it was neither anti-art nor political. Surrealist painters used diverse methods - including dreams, hallucinations, automatic or random image generation - to circumvent rational thought processes in creating works of art. (For more, delight see Automatism in Art.) The chief contribution of Surrealism to "modern art" was to generate a refreshingly new gear up of images. Whether these images were uniquely non-rational is doubtful. But Surrealist fine art is definitely fun!
(8) Abstruse Expressionism (1948-60)
A wide fashion of abstruse painting, developed in New York just later on World State of war Two, hence it is also called the New York Schoolhouse. Spearheaded by American artists - themselves strongly influenced by European expatriates - it consisted of two main styles: a highly blithe form of gestural painting, popularized by Jackson Pollock (1912-56), and a much more passive mood-oriented style known as Colour Field painting, championed past Marker Rothko (1903-70). The main contribution of abstract expressionism to "modern fine art" was to popularize abstraction. In Pollock's example, past inventing a new style known as "action painting" - see photos by text; in Rothko'southward case, past demonstrating the emotional touch on of large areas of colour.
(9) Pop Art (Late-1950s, 1960s)
A manner of art whose images reflected the pop civilisation and mass consumerism of 1960s America. Commencement emerging in New York and London during the late 1950s, information technology became the dominant advanced fashion until the belatedly 1960s. Using bold, like shooting fish in a barrel to recognize imagery, and vibrant block colours, Popular artists like Andy Warhol (1928-87) created an iconography based on photos of popular celebrities like film-stars, advertisements, posters, consumer product packaging, and comic strips - textile that helped to narrow the carve up between the commercial arts and the fine arts. The main contribution of abstruse expressionism to "modern fine art" was to show that good art could be low-brow, and could be made of anything. See: Andy Warhol'due south Pop Fine art (c.1959-73).
A-Z List of Modernistic Art Schools and Movements
Hither is a list of movements and schools from the "Modern Era", bundled in alphabetical order.
• Abstruse Expressionist Painting (1947-65)
Umbrella term for post-war styles known collectively equally the New York School.
• American Scene Painting (1925-45)
Realist style that exalted rural and small town America.
• Armory Bear witness of Mod Art (1913)
Ground-breaking exhibition of modern art held in America.
• Art Deco (1925-40)
Sleek design style associated with the new 'Machine Age'.
• Art Informel (fl.1950s)
European version of Abstract Expressionism.
• Fine art Nouveau (1890-1914)
Curvilinear design style. Also called Jugendstil (Germany), Stile Freedom (Italy).
• Arte Nucleare (1951-60)
Political 'Art Informel-way' grouping that fabricated fine art for the nuclear era.
• Craft Motility (1862-1914)
Anti-mass production movement, championed artisan crafts.
• Ashcan Schoolhouse (1900-1915)
New York grouping whose paintings depicted scenes from poorer areas.
• Australian Impressionism (1886-1900)
Plein-air Heidelberg school named after its camps e of Melbourne.
• Biomorphic (Organic) Abstraction (1930s/40s)
Rounded forms based on those establish in nature. See works by Henry Moore.
• Berlin Secession (1898)
Breakaway arts organization led by the creative person Max Liebermann.
• Camden Town Grouping (1911-thirteen)
Group of English Impressionists led by Walter Sickert.
• Cloisonnism (1888-94)
Style of painting with patches of bright colour enclosed in thick black outlines.
• COBRA group (1948-1951)
European equivalent of the New York gesturalism or "action painting".
• Colour Field Painting (1948-68)
Style of Abstract Expressionism practised by Rothko, Barnett Newman, Clyfford However.
• Constructivism (1914-32)
Artistic, design and architectural movement founded past Vladimir Tatlin.
• Cubism (fl.1908-14)
See above: About Important Movements
• Dada (1916-24)
Run across to a higher place: Most Important Movements
• Der Blaue Reiter (1911-14)
German Expressionist group based in Munich.
• De Stijl (1917-31)
Dutch advanced design group founded by Theo van Doesburg.
• Deutscher Werkbund (1907-33)
German body established to improve German industrial blueprint and crafts.
• Dice Brucke (1905-13)
German Expressionist group in Dresden, later Berlin.
• Divisionism (1884-1904)
The theory behind Neo-Impressionism, too known every bit Chromoluminarism.
• Existential Fine art (1940s, 1950s)
Style of painting and sculpture popularized by Robert Lapoujade and Giacometti.
• Expressionist Movement (1880s onwards)
Subjective, often highly coloured and distorted style of painting.
• Fauvism (1905-8)
See above: Most Important Movements
• Fluxus (1960s)
Avant-garde movement related to Lettrism, Nouveau Realisme and Neo-Dada.
• Futurism (1909-14)
See higher up: Well-nigh Important Movements
• Hard Edge Painting (tardily 1950s, 1960s)
Variant of Mail service-Painterly Brainchild, a reaction confronting gesturalism.
• Impressionism (fl. 1870-1880)
Come across above: Near Important Movements
• Italian Divisionism (1890-1907)
Mail service-Impressionist way that drew heavily on Pointillism and Neo-Impressionism.
• Kitchen Sink Art (mid-1950s)
Schoolhouse of mundane realism.
• Macchiaioli (1855-eighty)
Italian group named after their use of patches (macchia) of color.
• Magic Realism (1920s)
Modernistic movement noted for its sharp-focus naturalism and offbeat themes.
• Metaphysical Painting (1914-20)
Precursor of Surrealism developed past Giorgio de Chirico.
• Minimalism
Art without whatever historical, social or aesthetic references.
• Munich Secession (1892)
The first of the progressive fine art movements in Europe to break away from the bourgeois arts hierarchy.
• Nabis, Les (1890s)
Group of Parisian artists noted for their decorative art.
• Neo-Dada (1953-65)
Style noted for its apply of unorthodox materials, and anti-establishment ethic.
• Neo-Impressionism (1884-1904)
Group noted for its utilise of modest dots of pure pigment pigment.
• Neo-Plasticism (fl.1918-26)
Rigorous mode of brainchild founded by Piet Mondrian.
• Neo-Romanticism (1935-55)
Tendency in British painting to recreate visionary landscapes.
• New Objectivity (Die Neue Sachlichkeit) (1925-35)
Biting expressionist style which reflected the pessimism of 1920s Germany.
• Nouveau Realisme (1958-70)
Imaginative avant-garde precursor of postmodernism founded by Yves Klein.
• Op-Art (fl.1965-seventy)
Form of abstract painting based on optical illusions.
• Orphism (1914-15)
Colourful idiom of abstract art invented by Robert Delaunay.
• Paris School (Ecole de Paris) (1890-1940)
Label for cluster of modern artists active in Paris, similar Picasso, Modigliani.
• Pointillism (1884-1904)
Colour theory behind Neo-Impressionism involving small dabs of pure pigment.
• Pop Art (1955-70)
See to a higher place: Nearly Important Movements
• Post-Impressionism (1880s/90s)
Loose term for a multifariousness of painting styles developed in the wake of Impressionism.
• Post-Painterly Abstraction (1955-65)
Term invented by Clement Greenberg for post-gesturalism movements.
• Precisionism (fl.1920s)
Style of realist painting influenced by Futurism and Cubism.
• Realism (1850-1900)
Socially enlightened idiom championed by Courbet.
• Regionalism (Scene Painting) (fl.1930s)
Style of painting which exalted small boondocks America.
• Social Realism (1930-45)
American fashion which commented on the problems of the Depression Era.
• Socialist Realism (1928-fourscore)
State controlled propagandist fine art associated chiefly with the Soviet Union.
• St Ives School (1939-75)
Colony of abstract artists led by Ben Nicholson and Barbara Hepworth.
• Suprematism (1913-eighteen)
Manner of Russian abstruse painting developed by Kasimir Malevich.
• Surrealism (1924 onwards)
See above: About Of import Movements
• Symbolism (1880s/90s)
Symbolists sought a reality from inside their imagination and dreams.
• Synthetism (1888-94)
Noted for its flat areas of colour. Invented by Gauguin, Emile Bernard.
• Tachisme (1950s)
Blotchy form of gestural abstract painting adult in France.
• Victorian Art (Britain) (1840-1900)
Arts and crafts from the reign of Queen Victoria. Run across: Victorian compages.
• Vienna Secession (1897-1939)
Breakaway creative person body who rejected the cit'south conservative Academy of Arts.
• Vingt, Les (1883-93)
Belgian group of progressive artists like James Ensor, Fernand Khnopff.
• Vorticism (1914-15)
English Cubist-style painting developed by Percy Wyndham Lewis.
For more than details, see: Modern Art Movements (c.1870-1970).
Who are the Greatest Modern Artists?
Modern Painters
Impressionists (flourished 1870-1880)
Ane of the most revolutionary movements of modern representational art, its leading members included: Claude Monet (1840-1926); Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919); Edgar Degas (1834-1917); Camille Pissarro (1830-1903); Alfred Sisley (1839-1899); Edouard Manet (1832-83); Berthe Morisot (1841-1895); John Singer Sargent (1856-1925). Come across Impressionist Painters.
Post-Impressionists (flourished 1880-1900)
Modern artists who separated from mainstream Impressionist painting included: James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834–1903); Georges Seurat (1859-1891); Paul Cezanne (1839-1906); Van Gogh (1853-1890); Paul Gauguin (1848-1903); Henri Matisse (1869-1954). See: Mail-Impressionist Painters.
Poster Artists
Centered around La Belle Epoque in Paris, affiche art was exemplified by the creativity (and inventions) of Jules Cheret (1836-1932), the wonderful "Cabaret Du Chat Noir" poster designed by Theophile Steinlen (1859-1923), the theatrical posters of Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), and the art nouveau works of Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939). After Mucha left for America, the talented Leonetto Cappiello (1875-1942) arrived in Paris from Italy. Another of import affiche and fix designer was Leon Bakst (1866-1924), who came to Paris with the Ballets Russes run past Sergei Diaghilev.
Primitives/Fantasy Artists
This loose category includes the naive Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) (Le Douanier), and the versatile symbolists Paul Klee (1879–1940) and Marc Chagall (1887-1985).
Realists
Modernistic realism flourished outside Europe and included these supreme masters of the idiom: Winslow Homer (1836-1910), Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), and Ilya Repin (1844-1930). See also: Realist Artists.
Expressionists (flourished 1905-1933)
Influenced past Fauvism, the Expressionist move was exemplified by the work of: Kandinsky, Munch, Modigliani (1884-1920), Egon Schiele (1890-1918), Kirchner, Max Beckmann (1884-1950), Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980) and Otto Dix (1891-1969). See also Expressionist Painters.
Cubists (flourished 1908-14)
This revolutionary abstruse art motility was co-founded by Braque and Picasso, and received valuable contributions from modern artists like: Juan Gris, Fernand Leger (1881-1955), Robert Delaunay (1885-1941) and Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968). See: Cubist Painters.
Abstract Painters
The greatest exponents of abstraction in the modern era included Kasimir Malevich (1878-1935); Piet Mondrian (1872-1944). Come across: Abstruse Painters.
Art Deco (1920s, 1930s)
Every bit much a decorative art and design motion as a style of painting, its most famous representative was probably the glamorous Polish-Russian society portraitist Tamara de Lempicka (c.1895-1980).
Surrealists
The ascendant fine art movement during the belatedly 1920s and 1930s, its leading painters included: Joan Miro (1893-1983), Rene Magritte (1898-1967) and Salvador Dali (1904-89). See: Surrealist Artists.
Abstract Expressionists
Abstract expressionist painting was the kickoff great American art motility. As well known every bit the New York school, its leading members included: Rothko, Pollock, Willem De Kooning (1904-97), Clyfford Still (1904-1980), Barnett Newman (1905-seventy), Robert Motherwell (1915-91), Franz Kline (1910-62) and others.
Pop-Artists
This popular way of modern art superceded the more intellectual Abstruse Expressionism and was exemplified by painters such every bit: Andy Warhol (1928-87) and Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97).
Modern Sculptors
Leading sculptors during the modern era included: the expressive realist Auguste Rodin (1840-1917); the expressionists Ernst Barlach (1870-1938) and Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919); the avant-garde artist Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957); the Futurist Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916), the Cubists Alexander Archipenko (1887-1964), Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918), Ossip Zadkine (1890-1967), Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973) and Naum Gabo (1890-1977); the kineticists Alexander Calder (1898-1976) and Jean Tinguely (1925-91); and the Swiss minimalist sculptor Alberto Giacometti (1901-66). Other modernist forms are represented by the primitive works of Modigliani (1884-1920) and Jacob Epstein (1880-1959); and the "constitute objects" known as "readymades" of Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968). Meanwhile, modern British sculpture was embodied past Henry Moore (1898-1986), Barbara Hepworth (1903-75) and Ben Nicholson (1894-1982). Modern sculpture in America is exemplified by the works of James Earle Fraser (1876-1953), Daniel Chester French (1850-1931), Anna Hyatt Huntingdon (1876-1973), and Gutzon Borglum (1867-1941). Mid-twentieth century modernism is represented by the assemblages of Louise Nevelson (1899-1988) and Cesar Baldaccini (1921-98); the heroic statues of Yevgeny Vuchetich (1908-74); and the emotive holocaust sculptures of Wiktor Tolkin (1922-2013) and Nandor Glid (1924-97). See too: 20th Century Sculptors.
Art Appreciation
See: How to Appreciate Modern Sculpture (1850-present).
Modern Printmakers
Modern exponents of printmaking - engraving, carving, lithographics and silkscreen - include: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), MC Escher (1898-1972), Willem de Kooning (1904-97), Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), Andy Warhol (1928-87).
Modern Stained Drinking glass Artists
Amongst the pinnacle exponents of stained glass art included: Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Joan Miro (1893-1983), Harry Clarke (1889-1931), Sarah Purser (1848-43) and Evie Hone (1894-1955).
Modern Photgraphers
Modern photographic art (1870-1970) is indebted to the pioneering efforts of Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) and Edward Steichen (1879-1973). Otherwise, modernist photography is highlighted past the pictorialism of Homo Ray (1890-1976); the landscapes of Ansel Adams (1902-84); the architectural photos of Eugene Atget (1857-1927), and Bernd and Hilla Becher; the fashion shots of Norman Parkinson (1913-90), Irving Penn (1917-2009) and Richard Avedon (1923-2004); the portraiture of Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-79), Dorothea Lange (1895-1965) & Walker Evans (1903–1975); and the street photography of Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908–2004).
Which are the 25 Greatest Modern Paintings?
Here is a chronological list of the finest examples of modern painting (1870-1970), every bit selected past our Editor.
Impression, Sunrise (1873) Musee Marmottan Monet, Paris.
Past Claude Monet (1840-1926)
Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette (1876) Musee d'Orsay, Paris
By Renoir (1841-1919)
The Gross Clinic (1875) University of Pennsylvania.
Past Thomas Eakins (1844-1916)
The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit (1882) Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
Past John Singer Sargent (1856-1925)
Religious Procession in Kursk Gubernia (1883) Tretyakov Gallery.
Past Ilya Repin (1844-1930)
A Sun Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884-vi) AIC.
By Georges Seurat (1859-1891)
Cafe Terrace at Dark, Arles (1888) Yale University Fine art Gallery.
By Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
The Scream (1893) oil tempera & pastel, National Gallery, Oslo.
By Edvard Munch (1863-1944)
Girl with a Fan (1902) Folkwang Museum, Hessen.
By Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
The Large Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses) (1906) National Gallery, London; Museum of Fine art, Philadelphia; Barnes Foundation, Merion, PA.
By Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)
The Kiss (1907-viii) oil & gilt on canvas, Osterreichischegallerie, Vienna.
By Gustav Klimt (1862-1918)
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) Museum of Mod Art, New York.
Past Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
La Danse (1910) Hermitage, St Petersburg.
By Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
Dynamism of a Domestic dog on a Leash (1912) Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo.
By Giacomo Balla (1871-1958)
Nude Descending a Staircase No.2 (1912) Philadelphia Museum of Art.
By Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)
Seated Nude (1916) Courtauld Institute, London.
By Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920)
Le Coquelicot (The Corn Poppy) (1919) Toulouse-Lautrec Museum, Albi.
By Kees van Dongen (1877-1968)
Daughter with Gloves (1929) Private Drove.
By Tamara de Lempicka (1895-1980)
American Gothic (1930) oil on beaverboard, Art Institute of Chicago.
By Grant Forest (1891-1942)
Guernica (1937) oil on sheet, Reina Sofia Museum, Madrid.
By Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
Nighthawks (1942) Art Establish of Chicago.
Past Edward Hopper (1882-1967)
Broadway Boogie Woogie (1942-3) Museum of Modern Art, New York.
By Piet Mondrian (1872-1944)
No.one, 1950 (Lavander Mist) (1950) National Gallery, Washington DC.
By Jackson Pollock (1912-56)
Woman i (1950-2) Museum of Modernistic Art, New York.
By Willem De Kooning (1904-97)
The Listening Room (1952) Menil Drove, Houston.
By Rene Magritte (1898-1967)
The Screaming Pope (1953) William Burden Collection, New York.
By Francis Salary (1909-92)
Four Marilyns (1962) Private Collection.
By Andy Warhol (1928-86)
Which are the 25 Greatest Modern Sculptures?
Hither is a chronological list of the best modern works of sculpture (1870-1970), every bit compiled by our Editor.
David (c.1872) Bronze, Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
By Marius Jean Antonin Mercier (1845-1916)
Statue of Liberty (1886) Copper, Liberty Isle, New York Harbour.
By Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi (1834-1904)
Fiddling Dancer aged Fourteen (1879-81) Statuary, Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
By Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
The Kiss (1888-9) Marble, Musee Rodin, Paris.
By Auguste Rodin (1840-1917)
Standing Nude (1907) Musee National d'Art Moderne, Pompidou Centre, Paris.
By Andre Derain (1880-1954)
The Kiss (1907) Stone, Hamburgerkunsthalle, Hamburg.
By Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957)
Walking Woman (1912) Denver Museum of Art.
By Alexander Archipenko (1887-1964)
Unique Forms of Continuity in Infinite (1913) Museum of Modern Art, NY.
By Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916)
The Big Horse (1914-18) Original in Philadelphia Museum of Art.
Past Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918)
Cease of the Trail (1915) Brookgreen Gardens, Murrells Inlet, Usa.
By James Earle Fraser (1876-1953)
Fallen Human being (1915-xvi) New National Gallery, Berlin.
Past Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919)
Constructed Caput No. 2 (1916) Nasher Sculpture Centre, Dallas.
By Naum Gabo (1890-1977)
Statue of Lincoln (1922) Lincoln Memorial, Washington DC.
By Daniel Chester French (1850-1931)
Woman with Guitar (1927) Private Collection.
By Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973)
Mount Rushmore Presidential Portraits (1927-41) South Dakota.
Past Gutzon Borglum (1867-1941) and his son Lincoln Borglum (1912-86)
Adam (1938) Harewood Business firm, Leeds, Great britain.
By Jacob Epstein (1880-1959)
Fighting Stallions (1950) Hyatt Huntingdon Sculpture Garden, South. Carolina.
By Anna Hyatt Huntingdon (1876-1973)
The Destroyed City (1953) Schiedamse Dijk, Rotterdam.
By Ossip Zadkine (1890-1967)
Sky Cathedral (1958) Assemblage, The Museum of Mod Fine art, New York.
Past Louise Nevelson (1899-1988)
Walking Homo I (1960) Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence.
By Alberto Giacometti (1901-66)
Divided Head (1963) Bronze, Fiorini, London.
By Cesar Baldaccini (1921-98)
Locking Piece (1963-4) Henry Moore Foundation, Millbank, London.
By Henry Moore.
The Motherland Calls (1967) Mamayev Kurgan, Stalingrad (now Volgagrad)
By Yevgeny Vuchetich (1908-74)
The Dachau Memorial (1968) Munich, Germany.
By Nandor Glid (1924-97)
The Majdanek Memorial (1969) Lublin, Poland.
By Wiktor Tolkin (1922-2013).
• For more details of modernism and postmodernism in fine art, see: Homepage.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Fine art
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